These protrusions occur at regions where the plasma membrane separates from the underlying actin cortex or the cortex itself ruptures, driven by increased hydrostatic pressure within the cell ( Paluch et al., 2005 Charras and Paluch, 2008 Tinevez et al., 2009). Another form of protrusion is the cellular bleb, observed during cytokinesis and amoeboid cell motility, the latter of which has been observed in development and tumor cell invasion ( Sahai and Marshall, 2003 Fackler and Grosse, 2008 Paluch and Raz, 2013). Perhaps the most well-characterized effectors of morphological change and migration are lamellipodia and filopodia, localized protrusions at the cell membrane driven by actin polymerization ( Mattila and Lappalainen, 2008 Krause and Gautreau, 2014). However, motility can also play an important role in disease progression, as in the migration of tumor cells through complex environments to effect metastasis ( Sahai and Marshall, 2003). For example, highly coordinated cell migration is essential for tissue morphogenesis and wound healing ( Ridley et al., 2003). Finally, we have used ADAPT to compile an unbiased description of a “typical” bleb formed at the plasma membrane and quantify the effect of Arp2/3 complex inhibition on bleb retraction.Ĭell motility is a central process in the maintenance and development of multicellular organisms.
We also show that ADAPT can detect and morphologically profile filopodia.
#Schenider 2012 imagej software software
We demonstrate the ability of the software by quantifying variations in cell population migration rates on different extracellular matrices. Implemented as a plug-in for the open-source platform, ImageJ, ADAPT is capable of rapid, automated analysis of migration and membrane protrusions, together with associated fluorescently labeled proteins, across multiple cells. We now describe software designed for the automated quantification of cell migration and morphodynamics.
#Schenider 2012 imagej software manual
For example, manual analysis using kymographs is still commonplace, often caused by lack of access to user-friendly, automated tools. Despite recent advances in imaging techniques, the application of unbiased computational image analysis methods for morphodynamic quantification is rare.
Cell migration is frequently accompanied by changes in cell morphology (morphodynamics) on a range of spatial and temporal scales.
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